| Customization: | Available |
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| Carbon Content: | High-Carbon |
| Composition: | Copper Impregnated Graphite |
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The concept of third rail power supply is to add a live rail in addition to the two rails on which the train runs. This live rail is usually set between the two rails or on the outside of one of the rails. The collector of the electric train contacts and slides on the live rail to transmit electricity to the train.
Nowadays, the third rail is mostly made of steel-aluminum composite material with better technical performance.
The voltage of the third rail contact network mostly adopts the IEC standard, which is DC 600 V or 750 V. The third rail power supply voltage used by the Beijing subway opened in 1969 is DC 750 V, well, some countries use higher voltages, such as the Barcelona subway in Spain, which uses DC 1200 V. Guangzhou Metro is the first urban rail transit unit in China to use a third rail 1500V DC power supply system.
Upper contact type: Most subways in the United States adopt the upper contact type, where the current collecting shoe is pressed from the top to the head of the third rail, and the top surface of the third rail receives the current. The contact force of the current collecting shoe is adjusted by the pressure of the spring acting from the bottom, and the current is received smoothly. The construction operation is simple, and different types of protective plates can be installed on the upper part of the rail head through the bracket. Beijing subway in China also adopts this current receiving method.
Side contact type: The end face of the head of the third rail faces the running rail, and the current collecting shoe receives the current from the side. The straddle-type monorail vehicle adopts the side contact type current collection, and its current collecting shoe is installed at the bottom of the bogie. The Chongqing light rail in China adopts this current receiving method.
Lower contact type: The head of the third rail faces downward, and is installed on the base through an insulating shoulder frame, a rubber pad, a buckle plate tightening bolt, a bracket, etc. European countries prefer this current receiving method. The advantage of the lower contact type is that the protective cover is directly fixed around the third rail from the top through a rubber pad, which is good for personnel safety and helps to prevent the difficulty of collecting current caused by snow and freezing. However, this method has a complex installation structure and is expensive. Guangzhou Metro Lines 4, 5, 6, 14 and 21 also use this method.
Conditions of use in 3rd rail applications, such as heavy dust formation, high mechanical and thermal loads place extraordinary demands on the quality of the pantograph and the current-transmitting contact partner.
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